Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
IZNAK Andrey
Mental Health Research Center, Russia
Keynote: Interrelations of the CNS and immune system in pathogenesis and treatment of attack-like Schizophrenia
Time : 10:20-11:10
Biography:
IZNAK Andrey has completed his PhD in Physiology from M V Lomonosov Moscow State University and his DSc in Physiology from the same university. He is a Neurophysiologist, Professor of Physiology and Head of Laboratory of Neurophysiology at Mental Health Research Center (Moscow, Russia). He has published more than 60 papers on sensory and clinical neurophysiology in reputed journals and served as an Editorial Board Member of several reputed journals.
Abstract:
Contemporary views on the role of neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity processes in pathogenesis of schizophrenia, as well as significant medical-social problem of optimization of its treatment, determine the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches for investigation of brain mechanisms of this severe illness. The aim of the present study is to assess the interrelations of the CNS and immune system in patients with attack-like schizophrenia and to reveal the set of neurobiological parameters informative for individual prediction of therapeutic response. Correlation and regression analyses of quantitative clinical scores (by PANSS scale), resting EEG spectral parameters and some immunological parameters have been performed in patients with manic-delusional and hallucinatory-delusional conditions in the frames of attack-like schizophrenia. Neurobiological data obtained before the beginning of syndrome based treatment course (during visit 1) were matched with clinical scores of the same patients at the stage of remission establishment after treatment course (during visit 2). The multiple linear regression equations were created which contained only 3 to 4 (from 80) initial EEG parameters and one of four immunological parameters allowed to predict from 66 to 87 per cent of clinical scores variance after treatment course (during visit 2). The data obtained emphasize the role of neurophysiological inhibition deficit and of processes of neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity in pathogenesis of manic-delusional and hallucinatory-delusional conditions, and may be used practically for objective assessment of severity of patient’s initial clinical state, as well for elaboration of methods of individual prediction of syndrome based treatment efficacy in patients with attack-like schizophrenia.
Biography:
Dr. Praveen Kottath Veetil has completed his PhD from Mahatma Ghandi University in neurophysiology. He is currently the Head of Department of Physiology, at Avalon University School of Medicine. He has published various papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an educator and researcher of repute.
Abstract:
The effects of Catha edulis, as a CNS stimulant have been studied on various aspects, but how C.edulis influence spatial learning and memory is not clear. We hypothesize C.edulis, as it contain amphetamine like substances, will also influence spatial learning and memory. With this aim, a comparative study is conceded using another CNS stimulant, methylphenidate (MPD), an advanced therapeutic for treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Spatial learning and memory was assessed using radial arm maze, by analyzing five dependent measures obtained on every trial: time to complete a trial, latency to first arm entry, number of reference memory errors, and number of working memory correct and incorrect errors. Taken together, our results showed that C.edulis and not MPD fed rats had impaired learning and memory, implicated by increased time to complete a trial. Either C.edulis or MPD increased attention in rats, as in both groups latency to first arm entry was less.rnrnMoreover, C.edulis fed rats were more effected in the working memory component and reference memory was intact, highlighting the significance of restricting the widespread use of C.edulis in humans. Multiple evidences and our findings strongly support the use of MPD as a choice of drug in treatment of ADHD with minimum deterioration on learning and memory, in spite of increasing attention and alertness. However, considering differential action of C.edulis and MPD on neurotransmitter systems of brain, more studies are requested for the effect of C.edulis on neurotransmitters in hippocampal network.rn
- Human Anatomy and Ergonomics | The Skeleton & Bones | Exercise Physiology and Physiotherapy Human Immunity and Physiology | Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology
Session Introduction
John Sharkey
University of Chester, Ireland
Title: BioTensegrity: A new anatomy for the 21st century?
Biography:
John Sharkey, MSc, BACA, BASES, is a recognised author and authority on the topic of Clinical Anatomy and the treatment of chronic pain. He holds Master's degrees in Clinical Anatomy (BACA), Exercise Physiology (BASES) and is the Programme Leader of the Master’s degree in Neuromuscular Therapy accredited by the University of Chester. He is a member of the Olympic Councils Medical and Science Team. He provides BioTensegrity focused full body Thiel soft fix dissection courses in Dundee University. An International presenter and keynote speaker, he is a member of the Editorial Team of Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies (JBMT) and the BioTensegrity Interest Group (B.I.G) under the guidance of his mentor Dr. Stephen Levin.
Abstract:
Bespoke dissections with a Biotensegrity focus are providing a new vision and understanding of the continuity of human form. John Sharkey’s fresh new look at human connective tissue highlights its role in providing continuous tension throughout its network. Biotensegrity is emerging as the most significant development in human anatomy in recent years. This presentation identifies important ramifications for a wide range of medical practitioners including surgeons, bio-engineers and human movement specialists. The term “Tensegrity†was coined by Buckminster Fuller combining the words ‘tension’ and ‘integrity’. Fuller’s student Kenneth Snelson built the first floating compression structure of “tensegrity†in 1949 while Dr Stephen Levin an orthopedic surgeon was the protagonist of “BioTensegrity†in the early 1970’s. As a Clinical Anatomist, he has investigated this model and the role of fascia in his dissections to better understand the mechanisms of human movement and chronic pain while providing new anatomical knowledge and awareness leading to less invasive surgical and non-surgical therapeutic interventions. In this short presentation Clinical Anatomist John Sharkey puts forward an argument for a new focus in medical education concerningthe continuity of human form in the study of anatomy and calls for a change in the Anatomic nomenclature from “soft tissue†to “soft matterâ€.
Biography:
Kapil Sugand (PgCert HBE, BSc, MBBS, MRCS, AICSM) is a London surgical trainee, academic, author, educator, researcher, PhD candidate, entrepreneur, media personality and a philanthropist. He is the co-founder of the Holography-Assisted Medical Learning & E-Teaching (HAMLET) group which led the first augmented reality dynamic holographic lectures in the world. This was featured in international press including BBC News and Wired magazine. His paper on the advancements in anatomy education has been the most downloaded and cited paper of Anatomical Sciences Education since 2010. For all his achievements, his biography was featured in Marquis Who’s Who in the World 2013 encyclopaedia.
Abstract:
Purpose: Didactic medical lectures are unanimously delivered through PowerPoint presentations and have become the gold-standard in practice. To observe the impact of learning using augmented reality dynamic holography (ARDH) compared to gold standard static PowerPoint presentations in didactic lecturing. Methods: A prospective single-blinded randomized controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted with a 100 national medical students randomly allocated to ARDH (n=50) or Powerpoint (n=50) cohorts. Primary outcomes were objective metrics by answering (i) 20 exam questions before and after each modality and (ii) correlating with validated tests on educational theory. Mean scores (SD; 95% CI) were calculated with significance set at p<0.05. Secondary outcomes were subjective metrics on educational impact by (i) answering a 10-point questionnaire on 7-point Likert scales and (ii) 5-minute semi-structured interview. Results of objective testing: 30 (60%) participants completed SBAs in the ARDH group with a 19% improvement from a mean pre-test score was 9.0 (2.6; 95% CI 8.1-9.9) to a mean post-test mean score of 12.8 (2.9; 95% CI 11.6-13.6). In the PowerPoint group, 42 (84%) participants completed the objective testing with an improvement of 16% from a mean pre-test score of 8.8 (3.3; 95% CI 7.7-9.8) to mean post-test score of 12.0 (3.5; 95% CI 11.0-13.1). All scores were significant (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: Dynamic holography has been applied into didactic lecturing for the first time. ARDH was accepted by participantsand wasnon-inferior to the gold standard PowerPoint lectures. ARDH has the added benefit of enhancing the learning experience and educational impact.
Nermien E Waly
Helwan University, Egypt
Title: IL-10 and TGFβ meditates chondroprotective effect of glucosamine in rat model of osteoarthritis
Biography:
Nermien E Waly is a Lecturer at the School of Medicine Helwan University. She graduated from Assiut School of Medicine where she got her MBBCh, and Master’s. She earned her PhD from the Biomedical Sciences department, School of Medicine, Creighton University, USA. She did her Post-doctoral studies at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), USA. She has an extensive teaching experience both in the USA and Egypt. Her research is in the neuroscience field particularly circadian research. She is also interested in alternative medication for diseases as well as its impact on homeostatic mechanisms of various physiological functions.
Abstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease of the whole joint. Glucosamine (GlcN) treatment may have a chondroprotective effect on OA. We investigate the mechanism of action of glucosamine treatment through Interleukin-10 (Il-10) and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF β-1). Sixty-three male albino rats were used. A single intra-articular (i.a.) injection of 2 mg of Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) was injected into the knee joint of anesthetized rats. GlcN (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 2 month) was administered orally. Serum Il-10 and TGF-β1 were determined by ELISA. Histopathological changes in affected joints were examined. Serum level of IL-10 was significantly decreased in OA group compared to the control group (P value < 0.0001). On the other hand, the mean serum level of IL-10 was significantly increased in GlcN treated groups when compared to OA group (P value < 0.0001). Serum level of TGF β-1 was significantly elevated in OA group compared to the control group (P value < 0.0001). On the other hand, the mean serum level of TGF β-1 was significantly decreased in GlcN treated groups when compared to OA group (P value < 0.0001). Histopathological evaluation of Glucosamine treated groups showed different grades of healing according to Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grading system. Our results show that GlcN exerts its chondroprotective effects via the stimulation of IL-10 production and Inhibition TGFβ1. Both Serum biomarkers can be a used as a tool for the follow up of articular cartilage damage in the clinical setting.
Mohammed Alkatan
University of Texas at Austin, USA
Title: Improving upper and lower body strength after swimming and cycling training in patients with osteoarthritis
Biography:
Mohammed Alkatan has completed his PhD from University of Texas at Austin. He is an Assistant Professor at Public Authority for Applied Education & Training - Department of Physical Education & Sports. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability in older adults and is associated with muscle weakness. Aerobic exercise is widely recommended for patients with OA, but OA and its associated joint pain act as a significant barrier for performing a variety of basic daily activity such as walking. Swimming can be an ideal form of exercise for patients with OA as it includes minimum weight-bearing stress. However, no study has investigated if swimming exercise improves muscle strength in patients with OA. We compared the effects of swimming exercise and cycling exercise on upper and lower body strength using a standard grip strength dynamometer and isokinetic knee flexor and extensor strengths at an angular velocity of 60 degrees/sec using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Forty-eight patients with OA were randomly assigned to swimming (n=24, age=59±8 yr) or cycling (n=24, age=61±4 yr) training groups. Supervised exercise was performed for 45 min/day for 3 days/week at 60-70% heart rate reserve for 12 weeks. After 12-weeks of exercise training, average left and right arms body strength increased significantly after both swimming (20.4±1 vs. 21.0±1 kg) and cycling (22.3±1 vs. 23.8±1 kg) training (both p<0.05). Average isokinetic knee flexor strength increased significantly after swimming (42±3 vs. 50±3 Nm, p<0.05) and cycling training (41±5 vs. 42±4 Nm). Average isokinetic knee extensor strength increased significantly after swimming (60±4 vs. 69±4 Nm, p<0.05) and cycling training (60±4 vs. 68±4 Nm). In conclusion, both swimming and cycling exercise training interventions improved body strength in older adults with OA.
Beth McMurchie
Loughborough University, UK
Title: Forensic anthropometry from fingerprints- A collaboration between chemistry and design
Biography:
Beth McMurchie is in the first year of her PhD at Loughborough University. Her PhD is collaboration between the Department of Chemistry and Loughborough Design School under the supervision of Dr. Paul Kelly and Dr. George Torrens from their respective departments. Before this, she completed her MChem degree in Forensic and Investigative Chemistry at the University of East Anglia.
Abstract:
Fingerprints are widely used for both criminal investigation and personal identification and there is currently a lot of research being undertaken aiming to improve the clarity of detail in fingerprints. However, the research within which this ongoing study is based is focusing on a different aspect of fingerprinting, intending to give a quick and reliable method of identifying the physical characteristics of an individual from a latent fingerprint. This research aims to define the relationship and the significance of any relationship found, between a fingerprint and the stature of the individual who deposited it. To identify how statistically significant the relationship between fingerprint size and physical size is a study involving approximately 200 participants is being performed which builds on previous anthropometric and biometric studies. The ethics approved protocol for the study involves taking anthropometric measurements of height and weight from each participant to a standard convention. Each participant is asked to wash or wipe their hands before arrival and to limit variables further, temperature and humidity in the test area is kept to ambient conditions. The temperature of the skin on each participant’s fingertip is also recorded. Using a bespoke finger compliance meter, which is able to apply a fixed force to each participant’s fingertip, a photograph of the standardized fingerprint of each participant is collected. The initial post- processed results of this study provide a favorable indication as to the viability of this form of biometric analysis applied in the field of identification.
Hind Alzahrani
University of Nottingham, UK
Title: Continuous beat to beat monitoring the cardiovascular parameters in response to autonomic stress tests
Biography:
Hind Alzahrani is a PhD student at University of Nottingham, UK.
Abstract:
Study Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a method of assessing cardiovascular function (heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), blood pressure (BP)) in response to deep breathing, standing maneuver and handgrip exercise at 60% of MVC, using a Finometer. Subjects: Twenty subjects (10 males and 10 females) were healthy, young mean age 24.4 years males and 26.7 years females, non-obese mean±SD of BMI was 23.4±7.4, 22.8±4.5 males and females respectively. Methods: Beat to beat heart rate and blood pressure variability were monitored during deep breathing test, posture change to standing position and handgrip exercise using a Finometer. This involves a finger cuff pressure which placed in the middle left finger and arm cuff pressure on the upper left arm. Then, automatic calibration was made followed by recording of baseline measurements for 3 minutes, and then physiological maneuvers were performed starting with deep breathing (2 minutes), standing (2 mniutes) and handgrip exercise at 60% of MVC (1 minute). This event separated by time for recovery. Results: A significant increased and decreased in cardiovascular parameter during inspiration and expiration in both gender respectively (p<0.05). Orthostatic maneuver caused a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure and cardiac output whereas HR (p<0.05) and DBP (P>0.05) increased in both genders. Cardiovascular parameters showed a significant increased during handgrip exercise at 40% and 60% of MVC whereas 20% of MVC had no significant changes of cardiovascular parameters. Discussion: The cardiovascular changes during inspiration and expiration caused a stimulation or inhibition of pulmonary stretch receptors respectively; this was accompanied with changes of abdominal and intra-thoracic pressures. It was confirmed in the study that a significant reduction of the parameters during inspiration and increased during expiration was completely driven by parasympathetic nervous system. Posture maneuver causes blood pooling to the lower part of the body resulting in decreasing in cardiac output and venous return which stimulated the sympathetic and inhibited parasympathetic nervous system which causes an increases of heart rate to maintain a reduction of blood pressure. A significant increase of cardiovascular parameters during handgrip exercise resulted from a stimulation of sympathetic discharge and inhibition of vagal tone as well as peripheral reflexes which originated from exercising muscle. Gender differences responses were observed which might related to several factors such as body-size, muscle mass and sex hormone. Overall, a variability of cardiovascular parameters during physiological maneuvers reflected the integrity and effectiveness of neuro-cardiovascular control. In the future study, the patients suffering from diabetic neuropathy will be involved and therefore developed a method to evaluate the autonomic disorders.
Jacklynn Walters
Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Title: Tuberculosis and visceral rib lesions in the Kirsten skeletal collection
Time : 16:05-16:40
Biography:
Jacklynn Walters has completed her Hons BSc degree at Stellenbosch University and is currently busy with her MSc. She has published three papers in peer reviewed journals and was first author of one of these. She has also presented her work at the annual conference of the Anatomical Society of Southern Africa (ASSA: 2014, 2016), academic year day of Stellenbosch University (Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences) (2015) and the International Conference of Macroscopic and Microscopic Anatomy (ICMMA: 2015).
Abstract:
Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis can be investigated after death by examination of skeletal material. Visceral rib lesions (VRL) can result from inflammation of the adjacent pleura caused by lung diseases and have specifically been associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate VRL in the Kirsten Skeletal Collection and relate it to the documented cause of death (COD). Ribs from skeletons (n=300, male/female ratio=2/1) were examined macroscopically using a magnifying lamp. Three population groups representative of the Western Cape were compared in this study: Black (n=47), mixed race (n=209) and White (n=43). The rib number and region of each VRL was documented. Rib lesions occurred in 29.33% of skeletons with the black (31.91%) and mixed (33.97%) population groups having statistically significant higher prevalence than the white (4.65%) group. Of skeletons with tuberculosis as a COD, 58.06% showed VRL, while 47.83% of skeletons with pneumonia showed VRL. The most commonly affected ribs were the right ribs 4-8. The vertebral region was the most common site for VRL. Previous studies have found differences in prevalence of VRL with some suggesting a higher prevalence in tuberculosis than non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases. The present study, however, illustrated a similar prevalence for both Tuberculosis and Pneumonia. The distribution of VRL in the present study was similar as previous studies. To conclude, the extent to which VRL can be used as a diagnosis criterion for Tuberculosis in skeletons is still uncertain and more research is required to improve interpretation of VRL.
Suzan Sirinturk
Ege University, Turkey
Title: Study of the frontal hairline patterns for hairline design and hairline restoration
Biography:
Suzan Sirinturk was graduated from Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University in 2012. She studied at the Department of Medical Genetics between 2009 and 2011 for a part-time internship program. She is now a Research Assistant at the Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty of Ege University in her second year, studying for PhD degree.
Abstract:
Hair transplantation has been a highly effective technique in reducing wide foreheads and recontouring the hairline. Creating a natural hairline is one of the most important elements in hair transplant. This study discusses the need to design a natural hairline. Standard photographs of the forehead region were obtained from two hundred Turkish young adults. The hairline contours were classified into five groups as round, M-shaped, rectangular, bell shaped and triangular shapes. Measurements of forehead region such as height of the forehead, width of the forehead and supra-orbital region were calculated as reference points. In women and men; the average height of the forehead was 58.3±6.6 mm, 61.4±9.7 mm; average width of the forehead was 129±14.4 mm, 137.1±18 mm and average of supra-orbital region was 125.3±13.5 mm, 133.9±15.9 mm, respectively. The incidence of hairline shapes was seen as round (28%, 27%), M-shaped (19%, 46%), rectangular (30%, 31%), bell-shaped (5%, 4%), and triangular (18%, 2%). There were significant gender differences in the aesthetic rankings of hairline contours. Compared with women, both of the measured average forehead reference lengths displayed a significantly greater value in men. Our results clearly showed a sex difference in the predominant type of shape; the M shape was most common and the triangular type was poorly classified in men, whereas the rectangular hairline was the most common type in women.