International Conference on Anatomy and Physiology August 11-13, 2016 Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre, Birmingham,UK

Biography:

Joseph N.Aziz is a leading expert in gross and clinical anatomy education. He is contributing to the teaching and assessment of human gross and clinical anatomy and embryology at all levels. He completed his MD at School of Medicine, Cairo University. In 2009; he has selected by Military Medical Academy as leading Clinical Anatomist for Education Committee and member of the Court Examiners for the High Schools of Nurses. He was appointed in several academic positions both national and international. At that time, he is an active member of many international societies of Anatomy as American association of clinical anatomy (AACA) and Anatomical society of Great Britain and Ireland (AS). He has served as a member on several scientific journal Editorial Boards and panel of reviewer of many journal in the field of anatomy. rn His research interest is involving the field of the clinical anatomy. Interests in clinical anatomy become the key stone of his teaching strategy using modern imaging techniques (CT- scan, MRI and Ultrasound). He is continuing to develop momentum in this research area and have published and presented regularly on this topic at international scientific conferences.rn

Abstract:

Back ground: Foramina transversaria are characteristic bony features of the cervical vertebra, they are located on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. These foramina are of anatomical importance as they provide bony passages for several anatomical structures namely vertebral artery, vertebral vein and sympathetic nerves. They have known to exhibit variations with regard to size, shape and may even absent, incomplete or duplicated. The objective: This study aim to investigate the morphology and variations of foramina transversaria of the human atlas vertebrae and to point out the clinical importance of these variations. Material and Methods: 135 atlas vertebrae of Egyptian origin were studied. They were available in the dissecting room of the anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Each vertebra was studied morphologically for the presence of various shapes of foramen transversarium, presence or absences of any morphological anomaly like accessory foramen or incomplete foramen. Results: Four shapes were noted. Type 1 (rounded) was predominant 54.1%, type 2 (oval) less prominent 29.6%, type 3 (irregular) 10.4% and type 4 (quadrangular) 5.8%. Double foramina were founded in 23 vertebras, incomplete foramina in 9 vertebras and accessory incomplete foramina were seen in 12 vertebras. Conclusion: The morphological knowledge of this type of variation is clinically important because the course of the vertebral artery may be distorted in such condition. It may be compressed leading to some neurological symptoms or even hearing disturbances. Also, the knowledge of this type of variation is important for the neurosurgeon during posterior surgical approaches of cervical spine. It is also useful for radiologist during CT and MRI scan.